Bacterial Research: Researchers resolve structure of a key component of bacterial decision-making ♦ How bacterial predators evolved to kill other bacteria without harming themselves

How bacterial predators evolved to kill other bacteria without harming themselves How predatory bacteria function has been little understood to date. Predators have been found to produce a protein 'antidote' that protects them from their own weapons. Understanding how these predators attack bacteria could provide new ways of combatting antimicrobial resistance.

First look at gut microbes in an American Indian community Very little is known about how the diversity of gut microbes might vary among different groups of people, and whether and how those variations might play into well-recognized health disparities. Now, researchers have taken a step toward filling those gaps with the first descriptions of the gut microbiomes of individuals in a Native-American community

New clues for battling botulism Scientists have discovered new details about how 'cloaking' proteins protect the toxin that causes botulism, a fatal disease caused most commonly by consuming improperly canned foods. That knowledge and the cloaking proteins themselves might now be turned against the toxin -- the deadliest known to humankind.

Researchers resolve structure of a key component of bacterial decision-making For bacteria that swim, determining whether to stay the course or head in a new direction is vital to survival. A new study offers atomic-level details of the molecular machinery that allows swimming bacteria to sense their environment and change direction when needed.

Bacterial Research: Gut microbes signal to the brain when they're full ♦ Parasite makes TB infections worse ♦ Microbial growth and death inside our guts

Study sheds light on why parasite makes TB infections worse Scientists have shown how a parasitic worm infection common in the developing world increases susceptibility to tuberculosis. The study raises the possibility of using inexpensive and widely available anti-parasitic drugs as a preventive measure in places where the parasite and TB are common -- stopping infection with the parasite and reducing susceptibility to TB.

Scientists discover the secret behind the power of bacterial sex Migration between different communities of bacteria is the key to the type of gene transfer that can lead to the spread of traits such as antibiotic resistance, according to researchers.

Gut microbes signal to the brain when they're full Don't have room for dessert? The bacteria in your gut may be telling you something. Twenty minutes after a meal, gut microbes produce proteins that can suppress food intake in animals, The researchers also show how these proteins injected into mice and rats act on the brain reducing appetite, suggesting that gut bacteria may help control when and how much we eat.

Shining light on microbial growth and death inside our guts Population growth rates of the microbes that live inside mammalian gastrointestinal tracts can now be accurately measured, according to a new method reported.

Brain Research Bacterial protein can help convert stem cells into neurons ♦ Yin and yang of serotonin neurons in mood regulation ♦ Nanocarriers may carry new hope for brain cancer therapy

Nanocarriers may carry new hope for brain cancer therapy A new family of nanocarriers, called '3HM,' has been developed and meets all the size and stability requirements for effectively delivering therapeutic drugs to the brain for the treatment of a deadly form of cancer known as glioblastoma multiforme.

Yin and yang of serotonin neurons in mood regulation Low levels of serotonin in the brain are known to play a role in depression and anxiety, and it is customary to treat these disorders with medications that increase the amount of this neurotransmitter. It appears that neighboring serotonin-producing brainstem regions exert different and sometimes opposing effects on behavior.

Bacterial protein can help convert stem cells into neurons As the recipe book for turning stem cells into other types of cells keeps growing larger, the search for the perfect, therapeutically relevant blend of differentiation factors is revealing some interesting biology. A protein in E. coli bacteria combined with small molecules can act synergistically to push pluripotent cells into functional neurons.

How exercise may energize brain cell function: As we age or develop neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, our brain cells may not produce sufficient energy to remain fully functional. Researchers have discovered that an enzyme called SIRT3 that is located in mitochondria — the cell's powerhouse — may protect mice brains against the kinds of stresses believed to contribute to energy loss. Furthermore, mice that ran on a wheel increased their levels of this protective enzyme.

Antibiotic Resistance Research: New strategies for stopping the spread of Staph and MRSA ♦ Physicists develop ultrasensitive nanomechanical biosenso ♦ Molecular docking site of a bacterial toxin identified

How bacteria survive antibiotics may improve treatment of infectious diseases Infectious diseases kill more people worldwide than any other single cause, but treatment often fails because a small fraction of bacterial cells can transiently survive antibiotics and recolonize the body. A study reveals that these so-called persisters form in response to adverse conditions through the action of a molecule called Obg, which plays an important role in all major cellular processes in multiple bacterial species.

New strategies for stopping the spread of Staph and MRSA Staphylococcus aureus -- better known as Staph -- is a common inhabitant of the human nose, and people who carry it are at increased risk for dangerous Staph infections. However, it may be possible to exclude these unwelcome guests using other more benign bacteria.

Molecular docking site of a bacterial toxin identified A team of pharmacologists and toxicologists have identified the molecular docking site that is responsible for the Clostridium difficile toxins being able to bind to its receptor on the membrane of the intestinal epithelium. This docking site functions like an elevator, transporting the toxins into the cell's interior.

Physicists develop ultra sensitive nano mechanical bio sensor Two young researchers have developed an ultra compact highly sensitive nano mechanical sensor for analyzing the chemical composition of substances and detecting biological objects, such as viral disease markers, which appear when the immune system responds to incurable or hard-to-cure diseases, including HIV, hepatitis, herpes, and many others. The sensor will enable doctors to identify tumor markers, whose presence in the body signals the emergence and growth of cancerous tumors;

Cardiovascular Research: Treatment of type 2 diabetes may reduce heart disease, ♦ Bacterial cause behind fatal heart complications ♦ Metabolic syndrome face higher cardiovascular death

Many people in emergency department for chest pain don't need admitted Chest pain sends 7 million Americans to the ED each year. About half are admitted for further observation, testing or treatment. A new study finds a very low short-term risk for life-threatening cardiac events among patients with chest pain who have normal test results

Early detection, treatment of type 2 diabetes may reduce heart disease, mortality Screening to identify Type 2 diabetes followed by early treatment could result in substantial health benefits.

Bacterial cause behind fatal heart complications discovered A key cause of life threatening heart complications has been identified by researchers. The heart infections studied frequently follow severe infections with the bacteria responsible for pneumonia and meningitis.

Copd is independent risk factor for cardiovascular death, but not risk of stroke Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is associated with increased risk of dying from a cardiovascular disease such as heart failure or a heart attack, as well as diseases not associated with the heart. However, COPD is not by itself associated with increased likelihood of having a stroke or a systemic embolism.

People with metabolic syndrome face higher cardiovascular death risk People who have metabolic syndrome are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than people who do not have the condition, and having diabetes or high blood pressure worsens the risk.

Health Research:Rise in adults living with cystic fibrosis ♦ Melatonin can help you get a good night's sleep ♦ green tea could help improve MRIs + more

Dramatic rise expected in adults living with cystic fibrosis  The number of people living with cystic fibrosis into adulthood is expected to increase dramatically by 2025, prompting calls for the development of adult cystic fibrosis services to meet the demand.Continue Reading

Melatonin can help you get a good night's sleep in a noisy environment  Using melatonin could provide more and better quality sleep compared to using an eye mask and earplugs in a simulated noisy and illuminated environment. This study was carried out on healthy subjects but could have future implications for intensive care unit patients.Continue Reading

How green tea could help improve MRIs  Green tea could have a new role -- to improve the image quality of MRIs. Scientists report that they successfully used compounds from green tea to help image cancer tumors in mice Continue Reading

Bacterial conversation counteracts antibiotic damage   Scientists have shown that bacteria living in the intestine both 'talk' and 'listen' to each other. Using small molecules in place of words, these microbial conversations changed the numbers of certain species of bacteria in the gut and started to restore the huge damage caused by antibiotic treatment.Continue reading

First stem cell-based approach to treat type 2 diabetes   A combination of human stem cell transplantation and antidiabetic drugs proved to be highly effective at improving body weight and glucose metabolism in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. The findings could set the stage for clinical trials to test the first stem cell-based approach for insulin replacement in patients with type 2 diabetes.Continue Reading

Frontier Co-op Recalls Various Products Containing organic Garlic under Simply Organic, Frontier,and Whole Foods

Frontier Co-op is voluntarily recalling several of its products manufactured with organic garlic powder that were sold under its Frontier and Simply Organic brands, and one product sold under the Whole Foods Market brand due to potential Salmonella contamination.

The product in question was raw material received by Frontier, which tested positive for Salmonella during a test by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Given that Salmonella may be present, Frontier is immediately initiating this recall.

Frontier Co-op is immediately initiating added precautions to the safety of the supply chain and instituting additional product testing, beyond FDA guidelines, to mitigate any future occurrence.

Consumption of products containing Salmonella can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Healthy persons infected with Salmonella often experience fever, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In rare circumstances, infection with Salmonella can result in the organism getting into the bloodstream and producing more severe illnesses such as arterial infections, endocarditis and arthritis.

Recalled products were sold in all 50 states and in some parts of Canada to distributors, retailers and consumers. Below the release is a list of products containing the organic garlic powder. Images of the affected products can be viewed at the following link: http://www.frontiercoop.com/recall.

On foil bulk packages, the four-digit lot code will be found on the front label directly above the UPC code. On bottled items, the four-digit lot code can be found on the bottom of the bottle. On seasoning mixes, the four-digit lot code is embossed on the right side of the packet.

Consumers should not consume these products and should either throw away any remaining products or return to the point of purchase for a refund.

Please contact Frontier Co-op with any questions or to inquire about replacement or reimbursement at 1- 800-669-3275 Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central time.

ORGANIC GARLIC POWDER RECALL: AFFECTED PRODUCT LIST

Brand	Description	Affected Lots	UPC	Size
Frontier	Powdered Garlic, Certified Organic	4156, 4171, 4238, 4297, 4325, 4342, 5033, 5041	0-89836-00352-2	16 oz. (453 g)
Frontier	Fiesta Black Bean Mix, Certified Organic	4160, 4226, 4307, 4364, 5005	0-89836-02761-0	16 oz. (453 g)
Frontier	Refried Pinto Beans Mix, Certified Organic	4240, 4322, 4345	0-89836-02762-7	16 oz. (453 g)
Frontier	Low Sodium Broth Powder Vegetable Flavored, Certified Organic	4157, 4198, 4240, 4281, 4328, 5002	0-89836-02780-1	16 oz. (453 g)
Frontier	Vegetarian Broth Powder No-Chicken, Certified Organic	4157, 4178, 4197, 4238, 4239, 4267, 4280, 4336, 4353, 5007, 5035, 5036	0-89836-02869-3	16 oz. (453 g)
Frontier	Onion Soup & Dip Mix, Certified Organic	4143, 4246, 4258, 4279, 4290, 4318, 4335, 4349, 5036	0-89836-02918-8	16 oz. (453 g)
Frontier	Ranch Dip/Dressing Mix, Certified Organic	4199, 4247, 4317, 4363, 5022, 5055	0-89836-02926-3	16 oz. (453 g)
Frontier	Powdered Garlic, Certified Organic	4171, 4238, 4297, 4325, 4342, 5033	0-89836-80352-8	400 oz./11.3 kg/ 25.0 lbs.
Frontier	Vegetarian Broth Powder No-Chicken, Certified Organic	4178, 4336, 5007, 5036	0-89836-82869-9	400 oz./11.3 kg/ 25.0 lbs.
Frontier	Organic Garlic Powder	4183, 4224, 4268, 4315, 4349, 5023	0-89836-18351-4	2.33 oz. (66g)
Frontier	Organic Mama Garlic 5 oz.	4290	0-89836-18506-8	5 oz. (141 g)
Frontier	Pepper Fusion Black Peppercorns with Garlic	4321, 4356	0-89836-19502-9	1.76 oz. (49 g)
Simply Organic	Italian Herb Spaghetti Sauce Mix	4199, 4245, 4287	0-89836-15710-2	1.31 oz. (37 g)
Simply Organic	Chipotle Black Bean Dip Mix	4262, 4344	0-89836-15714-0	1.13 oz. (32 g)
Simply Organic	Fish Taco Seasoning	4245, 4300, 4330, 5012	0-89836-18534-1	1.13 oz. (32 g)
Simply Organic	Fajita Seasoning	4118, 4246, 4287, 4332, 5008, 5030	0-89836-18535-8	1.0 oz. (28 g)
Simply Organic	Veggie Chili Seasoning	4208, 4259, 4282, 4311, 5015, 5047	0-89836-18536-5	1.0 oz. (28 g)
Simply Organic	Spicy Chili Seasoning	4212, 4260, 4272, 4282, 4311, 4343, 5016, 5050	0-89836-18537-2	1.0 oz. (28 g)
Simply Organic	Sweet Basil Pesto Sauce Mix	4196, 4238, 4280, 4330, 4364, 5037	0-89836-18542-6	0.53 oz. (15 g)
Simply Organic	Roasted Garlic Spaghetti Sauce Mix	4245, 4286	0-89836-18543-3	1.13 oz. (32 g)
Simply Organic	Alfredo Sauce Mix	4182, 4223, 4224, 4272, 4353, 5027	0-89836-18544-0	1.48 oz. (41 g)
Simply Organic	Enchilada Sauce Seasoning	4247, 4290, 4336, 5012, 5033	0-89836-18744-4	1.41 oz. (39 g)
Simply Organic	Ranch Mix Dressing	4147, 4195, 4225, 4274, 4315, 4356, 5027, 5028	0-89836-18833-5	1.0 oz. (28 g)
Simply Organic	Classic Caesar Dressing	4149, 4196, 4232	0-89836-18836-6	1.25 oz. (35 g)
Simply Organic	Ranch Dip Mix	4194, 4195, 4226, 4274, 4315, 4356, 4360, 5028	0-89836-18840-3	1.5 oz. (42 g)
Simply Organic	French Onion Dip Mix	4157, 4197, 4258, 4258A, 4281, 4281A, 4325, 4364, 5040	0-89836-18841-0	1.10 oz. (31 g)
Simply Organic	Guacamole Dip Mix	4148, 4176, 4195, 4254, 4255, 4302, 4318, 4363, 5029, 5030	0-89836-18842-7	0.80 oz. (22 g)
Simply Organic	Creamy Dill Dip Mix	4156, 4197, 4237, 4279, 4324, 5009, 5035	0-89836-18843-4	0.70 oz. (19 g)
Simply Organic	Pour le chili vegetarienne/ Veggie Chili Seasoning (French/English)	5015, 5047	0-89836-18870-0	28g
Simply Organic	Pour le chili epice/ Spicy Chili Seasoning (French/English)	4260, 4282, 4343, 5016, 5050	0-89836-18871-7	28g
Simply Organic	Trempettes ranch/ Ranch Dip Mix (French/English)	4194, 4226, 4274, 4315, 4356, 5028	0-89836-18877-9	42g
Simply Organic	Trempettes a l’oignon a la francaise/ French Onion Dip Mix (French/English)	4157, 4197, 4258, 4325, 4364, 5040	0-89836-18878-6	31g
Simply Organic	Trempettes a guacamole/ Guacamole Dip Mix (French/English)	4148, 4302, 4318, 4363, 5029	0-89836-18879-3	22g
Simply Organic	Trempettes a l’aneth cremeux/ Creamy Dill Dip Mix (French/English)	4156, 4197, 4237, 4323, 4365, 5035	0-89836-18880-9	24g
Simply Organic	Vegetarian Brown Gravy Mix	4230, 4268, 4310, 4351, 5026	0-89836-18956-1	1.0 oz. (28 g)
Simply Organic	Fajita Seasoning (French/English)	5007	0-89836-20002-0	28g
Simply Organic	Pesto a basilic doux/ Sweet Basil Pesto Mix (French/English)	4364, 5037	0-89836-20004-4	15g
Simply Organic	Sauce brune vegetarienne/ Vegetarian Brown Gravy Mix (French/English)	4230, 4268, 4310, 5026	0-89836-20007-5	28g
Whole Foods Market	Organic Muchi Curry Seasoning	4129	0-89836-18880-9	2.08 oz. (59 g)